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CFD Simulation for Zero Emissions Power Solutions

Unlike hydrogen fuel cells Steamology’s technology relies on the burning of hydrogen in oxygen to produce steam. This is then passed through a turbine to produce the power for a generator. The only by-product is water that could even be fed back to the electrolysis system in order to produce more hydrogen and oxygen using renewable resources (e.g., wind turbines or solar panels). Such a closed loop system would be ideal for round the clock power generation in remote locations. Steamology started working with CFD in 2020 for the development of various nozzle designs found within their steam generators. The driving force behind needing to use CFD was to gain a better understanding of the way the hydrogen and oxygen were mixing within the nozzle assembly. Some unusual non-linear flow behavior was being observed. An essential component of the Steamology system is the steam generator. Hydrogen and Oxygen are injected into this through an array of nozzles and then ignited to recombine into steam at high temperatures and pressures. To increase the mass flowrates and reduce the temperature, water is then injected into the chamber through a second set of nozzles. The resultant flow of steam is then injected into a steam turbine coupled with an electric generator or output for other purposes depending on the application. Steamology are working with CFD to improve the design of both sets of input nozzles for their steam generators. An early project involved the simulation of a sixth segment model of the device which included the water injection nozzles. This allowed the manifold upstream of the nozzle to be included and showed how the nozzle angles lead to the water jets impinging on the central casing of the generator. By quickly changing the parametric model and rerunning the CFD simulation it was possible to assess the sensitivity of the flow patterns to changes in the nozzle angles and manifold design. After initial improvements to the steam nozzles, further simulations were run to create a look up table to enable the selection of the number of nozzles needed for a range of steam flowrates. This enables a selection of which manifold design to use for a required application. The design of the hydrogen and oxygen nozzles at the combustion end of the steam generator is also benefitting from the use of simulation. To model the physics of this a multi-component mixing capability was used. This allows for the tracking of the two fluids around the flow domain showing the diffusion and mixing between the components. Better mixing near the inlet of the steam generator should allow for more efficient combustion. Steamology were able to virtually test numerous configurations of hydrogen and oxygen nozzles in rapid succession. By assessing the graphical output from these simulations, it was possible to determine which configurations produced the best mixing. After a number of runs it was observed that the more unstable flow patterns predicted by the CFD simulations produced the better levels of mixing allowing for earlier design decisions because of the interactive nature of the CFD runtime environment. This is still an ongoing project with the aim of optimizing the designs of the nozzles.

Document Details

ReferenceNWC23-0144-extendedabstract
AuthorsHorgan. S Clapp. M Bliss. J
LanguageEnglish
TypeExtended Abstract
Date 18th May 2023
OrganisationsUpFront Engineering Simulation 8020 Engineering
RegionGlobal

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