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Engineering Design Challenges of Silver-Based Low -Emissivity Coating Technology for Energy Saving Sustainable Windows Applications

Trends towards environmental sustainability have been driving the need for more efficient and energy saving buildings. Modern energy saving windows are now commonly used in buildings, and increasingly used in the transportation domain. They allow better insulation that is necessary to meet current regulations of energy performance. Recently, it was reported that up to 14% of typical commercial buildings can be due to overall cooling, heating, and ventilating systems while 30% of that wasted energy can be coming from the building’s envelope. Energy waste through windows alone is estimated to cost U.S. consumers roughly $40 billion each year. Radiation losses occur through the window glass and represent about 60% of the total heat loss in a standard window. Thus, the need for controlling and maintaining the heat transfer via these windows is becoming critical. Modern energy saving windows, using low-emissivity (Low-E) technology, are unique and cost-effective solution. This manufacturing technology has been utilized in buildings and increasingly been recommended in the transportation sector with mobile communication enablement. Some of the popular glazing techniques use double glazing with gas filled gap while the coating will be covering the inner face of the glass while others may use multilayer coatings consisting of oxide and metal thin films. These manufacturing techniques will enable both high transmittance of visible light and high reflectivity for higher wavelengths (middle and near infrared radiation). Meanwhile, these inserted thin metal films can affect signal attenuation negatively (>30dB). To overcome this unwanted effect, repeaters are increasingly used to obtain a good signal quality inside new buildings or trains. These systems are expensive, energy consuming and technologically dependent. Hence, modern coating technologies provide architectural window coatings with adequate illumination levels in building interiors, while controlling energy transfer to save either cooling or heating energy. Silver-based Low-E coating technology comprises more than 90% of the overall Low-E Market today. There are three major categories of silver-based low-E products: single-silver, double-silver, and triple-silver products. A frequency-selective surface (FSS) is a thin and repetitive surface designed to reflect, transmit or absorb electromagnetic fields. FSS are mostly designed with a dimension according to the wavelength size. Earlier examples have been realized using etching or milling and by removing a significant percentage of the coated surface (5–15%). These FSS reduce the attenuation of a double glazing over 20dB in the telecommunication frequency (TF) domain. The presented work will use pervasive simulation for modeling Silver-Based Low-E Coating Technology for Energy-Saving Window Application. Additionally, a study incorporating advanced material-vacuum deposition and optical design implementation has been conducted to evaluate the overall design performance. Finally, modeling the impact of silver thin film electrical, optical and emissivity properties with respect to microstructure, thickness and neighboring layers/materials coexistence variation has been obtained for modeling completeness. Two low-E coating glass configurations were implemented and utilized for both simplified & more realistic train model to obtain the transmission coefficient (coupling) between cellular tower/base station antenna and mobile antenna inside the train. Finally, dynamic modeling scenario was conducted for moving train @ 3.8GHz & 6GHz operating frequencies.

Document Details

ReferenceNWC23-0192-extendedabstract
AuthorsMateychuk. D Salman. L Kim. J
LanguageEnglish
TypeExtended Abstract
Date 17th May 2023
OrganisationsANSYS 3M Company
RegionGlobal

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