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Assess and Characterise Damage Caused Due to Lightning Strike on Wind Turbine Blades

Modern wind turbines are now reaching heights above 300m. The tall, rotating blades of the turbine are highly susceptible to lightning strikes. Typically these blades contain many layers of fiber glass-reinforced polyester. In the form of an extremely high-temperature and high-pressure shockwave, this electrical discharge can cause structural damage within milliseconds and repairing this damage requires significant downtime and costs. Lightning strikes can cause delamination of the blade’s composite plies, which may not be visible upon inspection. Over time this can lead to a creep deformation during operation, resulting in blade failure earlier than its rated life. This paper summarizes a multi-physics simulation process that can be used to predict the delamination of composite blade plies when subjected to a lightning strike. The numerical model of a 5MW composite blade panel consists of multidirectional, multi-laminae with varying thicknesses in different sections following the evolving airfoil profile. The temperature dependent material properties of the composite panels are modeled to capture the damage initiation and propagation at high temperatures. The simulation is performed in two stages. In the first stage, the electrical discharge is converted into a thermal phenomenon using an electromagnetic solver. The strike is modeled as 50KA current for 100 microseconds in the electromagnetic stage using a low frequency time domain solver which uses magnetoquasistatic equations in order to produce ohmic losses in the form of field sources which are linked with thermal transient solver finally computing temperature distribution in the model. In the next stage, a time dependent pressure along with the temperature results are applied on a very small area of the blade tip. An explicit structural finite element approach using the mixed-mode traction separation law for the cohesive element is applied. The finite element mesh is refined locally at the tip for a greater computational accuracy. The composite layup delamination resulting from the subsequent high pressure and temperature, can now be investigated and characterized. This investigation predicts the damage and its extent, which assists in knowing the required maintenance and downtimes for such events.

Document Details

ReferenceNWC23-0445-presentation
AuthorsNoelting. S Harlikar. S Singh. D Maddala. N Kumbhar. S
LanguageEnglish
TypePresentation
Date 16th May 2023
OrganisationDassault Systèmes
RegionGlobal

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