This paper on "Application of Error Estimation and Adaptive Meshing Techniques to Forming Processes" was presented at the 5th International Conference on Reliability of Finite Element Methods for Engineering Applications - 10-12 May 1995, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Abstract

We describe the adaptive remeshing strategies which have been incorporated in the FORGE2® and FORGE3® softwares, 2D and 30 forging dedicated simulation codes. Applications to industrial problems are shown for processes such as axisymmetrical forging, 3D steady-state extrusion and plane strain orthogonal cutting. Adaptive strategies are of a different nature in 20 and in 3D due to the 3D calculation time constraints. An error control procedure is carried out in 2D at each time increment, both in the workpiece and in the tools. In 3D, the element number has to be optimized first, so, for highly oriented flows, an anisotropic remeshing procedure is used and error estimators are considered as indicators of anisatropicity.