This paper on "Orthopaedic Applications of Finite Element Analysis" was presented at the NAFEMS World Congress on Design, Simulation & Optimisation: Reliability & Applicability of Computational Methods - 9-11 April 1997, Stuttgart, Germany.

Summary

Modelling of natural tissues is inherently complicated because they may exhibit viscoelasticity and have hierarchical structures. Several projects have been carried out: modelling cartilage and bone layers to determine the stress distribution within as the stiffness of the layers are varied; dynamic loading of the tibia to obtain an understanding of how it absorbs an impact load, and modelling the intervertebral disc of the spine as a tool to explain the results of magnetic resonance images of the disc, before and after removal of the nucleus pulposus. All these will be verified by experimental data or by comparing the system to a simple model. Spinal and hip prostheses have also been modelled, to simulate the effects of loading upon the device and therefore to minimise the production of costly prototypes. Final evaluation of the device by experimental testing to international standards is still essential.